BLACK HOLES | part-1

 

 

 

BLACK HOLES

Black holes are the strangest things that found in the universe. They are very strange when compared to the science facts. Black holes are extremely densed and they acquire a very strong gravitational force.

Sagittarius – A .

 Our galaxy could contain over 100 million blackhole and  is very hard to find this blackholes. Their is a super massive blackhole present at the center of the milky way galaxy. The name of this super massive blackhole is – Sagittarius A. The mass of this blackhole is  4 million times of the mass of the sun. The Sagittarius-A blackhole is approximately 26000 light years away from earth.

The first image of the Sagittarius A black hole was clicked  on may12,2022 and the first blackhole which we clicked was 55 million light years away and it was situated at center of M87 galaxy.

How do blackholes form?

Blackholes can form by 2 ways:

1.When a massive star dies and not every star will form blackhole. To form a blackhole, the stars mass and size should be 8 – 10 times more than the sun .When star dies,it exchanges all their fuel . they explode and die leaving a dense object,blackhole.

Even not every star will form blackhole as discussed above. The star with less mass and size will form a neutron star or white dwarf stars.

2.The another way that blackhole can be formed is ,from the direct collapse of gas. Sciensists believe that this process can form more massive black holes that can range upto 1000 times of mass of sun to 100000 times of mass of sun.

DO BLACKHOLES DIE?

Black holes do not die, but theoretically predicated that they are eventually slowly evaporate over extremely long time.

Beacause of their extreme gravity, black holes expand by absorbing neighboring materials. According to hawking, blackholes might also emit energy and contract by time. According to quantum theory, virtual particles constantly pop into out of existence.This results in the appearance of a particle and an accompanying abti-particle.They can however, also uniter once more and vanish once more. Strange things can occur when this procedure takes place close to blackholes event horizion.The particle anti-particle pair may escape gravirty and plunge into the black hole, while the other particle could fly off into space, rather then existing for a brief  while before annihilating one another. Over incredibly vast time horizions. But here we are speaking about longer times, it may take mush much longer time than the age of universe. The theory explains that this trickle of escaping of particle will cause the black hole to evaporate slowly.

 

Are blackholes are wormholes?

No, Blackholes are not the wormholes. But one way to conceptualize worm holes is that worm holes are time and space  travelling tunnels. So its thought to exist inside blackhole. The blackholes may or may not contain a wormhole inside it. If yes , this could provide access to another location in space time.

 

FIRST BLACKHOLES DISCOVERED.

First time in history ,in 1916 Albert Einstein  predicted the existence of black holes with his general theory of relativity. The term black hole came into existence after many long years in 1967 by American astronomer John wheeler.

Cygnus X-1  was the first ever black hole discovered .The Cygnus X-1 black hole located in Cygnus constellation, the swan which was present inside the milky way galaxy. Astronomers observed the first signs of black holes in 1964 when a sounding rocket detected celestial sources of X-rays according to the data provided by NASA. In 1971, the astronomers came to conclusion that X-rays were coming from a bright blue star which orbiting a strange dark object.At that time, It was suggested that the X-rays were a result of stellar material being stripped away from the bright star and gobbled up by the dark object -a blackhole.

 

HOW MANY BLACKHOLES ARE THERE ?

According to the study made by the SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE INSTITUTE approximately there will be 1 star out of 1000 stars is massive enough to becom the blackhole. Our Milky way contains over 100 billion stars, so our galaxy must consist some 100 million black holes and the estimates from NASA suggested there could be as many as 10 million to 1 billion stellar black holes in our galaxy.

          The closest blackhole to the earth is the “Unicorn”. The unicorn blackhole is situated approximately 1500 light years away from earth and the mass of this blackhole is 3 times of the mass of the sun.

 

HOW DO BLACKHOLES LOOK LIKE?

 

Black holes consists 3 layers:

1. The outer horizon

2. The inner horizon.

3. The singularity.

The outer horizon and inner horizon combinly kwoun as event horizon.

The event horizon is the boundary line around the mouth of the blackhole. The gravity will be constant across the event horizon. Once any particle crosses the event horizon then it cant escape form the gravity of the blackhole.

The inner region from event horizon ,where the objects mass lies is called singularity. It is the point where the mass of the  blackhole is concentrated.

Scientists cant observe the black holes the way theu observe the another stars and other objects. But astronomers can rely on detecting the radiation black holes emit as the dust and gas are drawn into them. But in this case, the super massive blackholes lies in the center of galaxy ,where they become shrouded by thick dust and gas around them, which can block the telltale emissions.

            In few cases, the matter drawn toward a blackhole ricochets to the event horizon and hurled outwards rather than being pulled into the black hole. This leads to bright jets of material travelling at near relavistic speeds are created.But even in this the blackhole remains unseen and these powerfull jets can be viewed from very far distances.

          The EHT's image of a black hole in M87 (released in 2019) was an extraordinary effort, requiring two years of research even after the images were taken. That's because the collaboration of telescopes, which stretches across many observatories worldwide, produces an astounding amount of data that is too large to transfer via the internet.

         With time, scientists hope to photograph additional black holes and compile a collection of images of the objects. Sagittarius A*, the black hole at the heart of our own Milky Way galaxy, is most likely the next target. A 2019 study found that Sagittarius A* is intriguing because it is quieter than expected, which may be because magnetic fields are suppressing its activity. Another investigation that year revealed that Sagittarius A* is surrounded by a cold gas halo, providing new information about the surroundings of black holes